Cell culture is a process where by prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells are grown

under controlled conditions.
There are 3 basic kind of cell culture that
are
used in biotechnology today.

-primary cell cultures
-diploid fibroblast strains
-continuous cell line

How cell cultures are being produced

• The techniuque used for the ioslation of cells from a piece of tissue called explant ,taken directly from the living organism, which is also known as primary cell culture.
• This culture consists of mix population of cell types.
• Most of the some of cells may survive without proliferating and will therefore be lost in the increasing population of those cells which are able to multiply in the conditions supplied in vitro.
• Sometimes, these cells are converted to cell lines by passage.
• In some cases, primary cells are fused with cancer cells to produce a hybridoma line(engineered cells).
  A continuous line consist of cells that will reproduce for an extended number of generation.

Applications of cell culture

• Mass culture of animal cell lines are important to the manufacture of viral vaccines and many other products of biotechnology.
• Complex proteins that are glycosylated ( carbohydrate-modified) currently must be made in animal cells.

Tissue culture and engineering

cells culture is fundamental component of tissue culture and tissue
engineering as it establishes the basics of growing and maintaining cells by
vivo.

Vaccines

Vaccines for diseases such as chicken pox, rubella, mumps and polio are currently made in cell culture.

Viral culture methods

The culture of viruses requires the culture of cells of mammalian, plant, fungal or bacterial origin as hosts for the growth and replication of the virus. Whole wild type viruses, recombination viruses or viral products may be generated in cell types other than their natural hosts under the right conditions. Depending on the species of the virus, infection and viral replication may result in host cell lysis and formation of a viral plaque.